April 15-17

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Author: Xueqiao Xu
Requested Type: Pre-Selected Invited
Submitted: 2019-02-21 14:20:55

Co-authors: N. M. Li, Z.Y. Li, G. Z. Deng, L. Wang, G. S. Xu, and V S Chan

Contact Info:
1) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
7000 East Ave.
Fremont, CA   94550
USA

Abstract Text:
The BOUT++ code has been used to simulate edge plasma electromagnetic (EM) turbulence and transport, and to study the role of EM turbulence in setting the scrape-off layer (SOL) heat flux width λq. More than a dozen tokamak discharges from C-Mod, DIII-D, EAST, ITER and CFETR have been simulated with encouraging success. The parallel electron heat fluxes onto the target from the BOUT++ simulations of C-Mod, DIII-D, and EAST follow the experimental heat flux width scaling of the inverse dependence on the poloidal magnetic field. Further turbulence statistics analysis shows that the blobs are generated near the pedestal pressure peak gradient region inside the separatrix and contribute to the transport of the particle and heat in the SOL region. Transport simulations show two distinct regimes: drift dominant regime and turbulence dominant regime. Goldston’s heuristic drift-based (HD) model yields a consistent divertor heat flux width in the drift dominant regime. For C-Mod EDA H-mode discharges, drift and turbulent transport both compete to determine the heat flux width, possibly due to its compact machine size and good pedestal confinement.

The simulations for ITER and CFETR indicate that divertor heat flux width λq of the future machines may no longer follows the 1/Bpol,MP experimental Eich scaling and the HD model gives a lower limit of divertor heat flux width. The simulation results show a transition from a drift dominant regime to a turbulence dominant regime from current machines to future machines such as ITER and CFETR for two reasons. (1) The magnetic drift-based radial transport decreases due to large CFETR and ITER machine sizes. (2) the SOL turbulence thermal diffusivity increases due to larger turbulent fluxes ejected from the pedestal into the SOL when operating in a different pedestal structure, from an ELM-free H-mode pedestal regime to a small/grassy ELM regime.

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